Internet Draft Carlisle Adams (Entrust Technologies) S/MIME Working Group Expires in 6 months April 2000 Use of the CAST-128 Encryption Algorithm in CMS Status of this Memo This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire in October, 2000. Comments or suggestions for improvement may be made on the "ietf-smime" mailing list, or directly to the author. Copyright Notice Copyright (C)The Internet Society (2000). All Rights Reserved. Abstract This document specifies how to incorporate CAST-128 [RFC2144] into the S/MIME Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) as an additional algorithm for symmetric encryption. The relevant OIDs and processing steps are provided so that CAST-128 may be included in the CMS specification [RFC2630] for symmetric content and key encryption. The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document (in uppercase, as shown) are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119]. Adams Expires October 2000 [Page 1] Internet Draft CAST-128 in CMS April 2000 1. Motivation S/MIME (Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) [SMIME2, SMIME3] is a set of specifications for the secure transport of MIME objects. In the current (S/MIME v3) specifications the mandatory- to-implement symmetric algorithm for content encryption and key encryption is triple-DES (3DES). While this is perfectly acceptable in many cases because the security of 3DES is generally considered to be high, for some environments 3DES may be seen to be too slow. In part to help alleviate such performance concerns, S/MIME has allowed any number of (optional) additional algorithms to be used for symmetric content and key encryption. The CAST-128 encryption algorithm [RFC2144, Adams] is a well-studied symmetric cipher that has a number of appealing features, including relatively high performance and a variable key size (from 40 bits to 128 bits). It is available royalty-free and license-free for commercial and non-commercial uses worldwide [IPR], and therefore is widely used in a number of applications around the Internet. It thus seems to be a suitable optional encryption algorithm for S/MIME. This document describes how to use CAST-128 within the S/MIME CMS specification. 2. Specification This section provides the OIDs and processing information necessary for CAST-128 to be used for content and key encryption in CMS. 2.1 OIDs for Content and Key Encryption CAST-128 is added to the set of optional symmetric encryption algorithms in CMS by providing two unique object identifiers (OIDs). One OID defines the content encryption algorithm and the other defines the key encryption algorithm. Thus a CMS agent can apply CAST-128 either for content or key encryption by selecting the corresponding object identifier, supplying the required parameter, and starting the program code. For content encryption the use of CAST-128 in cipher block chaining (CBC) mode is RECOMMENDED. The key length is variable (from 40 to 128 bits in 1-octet increments). The CAST-128 content-encryption algorithm in CBC mode has the following object identifier: cast5CBC OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) nt(113533) nsn(7) algorithms(66) 10} Adams Expires October 2000 [Page 2] Internet Draft CAST-128 in CMS April 2000 The parameter associated with this object identifier contains the initial vector IV and the key length: cast5CBCParameters ::= SEQUENCE { iv OCTET STRING DEFAULT 0, -- Initialization vector keyLength INTEGER -- Key length, in bits } Comments regarding the use of the IV may be found in [RFC2144]. The key-wrap/unwrap procedures used to encrypt/decrypt a CAST-128 content-encryption key with a CAST-128 key-encryption key are specified in the Section 2.2. Generation and distribution of key-encryption keys are beyond the scope of this document. The CAST-128 key-encryption algorithm has the following object identifier: cast5CMSkeywrap OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840) nt(113533) nsn(7) algorithms(66) 15} The parameter associated with this object identifier contains only the key length (because the key wrapping procedure itself defines how and when to use an IV): cast5CMSkeywrapParameter ::= INTEGER -- key length, in bits 2.2 Key Wrapping and Unwrapping CAST-128 key wrapping and unwrapping is done in conformance with CMS [RFC2630]. 2.2.1 CAST-128 Key Wrap Key wrapping with CAST-128 is identical to [RFC2630], Sections 12.6.1 and 12.6.4, with "RC2" replaced by "CAST-128" in the introduction to 12.6.4. Only 128-bit CAST-128 keys may be used as key-encryption keys, and they MUST be used with the cast5CMSkeywrapParameter set to 128. It is RECOMMENDED that the size of the content-encryption key and the size of the key-encryption key be equal (since the security of the content will be at most the smaller of these two values). 2.2.2 CAST-128 Key Unwrap Key unwrapping with CAST-128 is identical to [RFC2630], Sections 12.6.1 and 12.6.5, with "RC2" replaced by "CAST-128" in the introduction to 12.6.5. Adams Expires October 2000 [Page 3] Internet Draft CAST-128 in CMS April 2000 3. Using CAST-128 in S/MIME Clients An S/MIME client SHOULD announce the set of cryptographic functions it supports by using the S/MIME capabilities attribute. This attribute provides a partial list of OIDs of cryptographic functions and MUST be signed by the client. The functions' OIDs SHOULD be logically separated in functional categories and MUST be ordered with respect to their preference. If an S/MIME client is required to support symmetric encryption with CAST-128, the capabilities attribute MUST contain the cast5CBC OID specified above in the category of symmetric algorithms. The parameter associated with this OID (see above) MUST be used to indicate supported key length. For example, when the supported key length is 128 bits, the SMIMECapability SEQUENCE representing CAST-128 MUST be DER-encoded as the following hexadecimal string: 301106092A864886F67D07420A300402020080. When a sending agent creates an encrypted message, it has to decide which type of encryption algorithm to use. In general the decision process involves information obtained from the capabilities lists included in messages received from the recipient, as well as other information such as private agreements, user preferences, legal restrictions, and so on. If users require CAST-128 for symmetric encryption, it MUST be supported by the S/MIME clients on both the sending and receiving side, and it MUST be set in the user preferences. 4. Security Considerations This document specifies the use of the CAST-128 symmetric cipher for encrypting the content of a CMS message and for encrypting the symmetric key used to encrypt the content of a CMS message. Although CAST-128 allows keys of variable length to be used, it must be recognized that smaller key sizes (e.g., 40, 56, or 64 bits) may be unacceptably weak for some environments. The use of larger key sizes (e.g., 128 bits) is always RECOMMENDED (when relevant import, export, or other laws permit). It is also RECOMMENDED that the size of the content-encryption key and the size of the key-encryption key be equal (since the security of the content will be at most the smaller of these two values). Adams Expires October 2000 [Page 4] Internet Draft CAST-128 in CMS April 2000 References [Adams] C. Adams, "Constructing Symmetric Ciphers using the CAST Design Procedure", Designs, Codes, and Cryptography, vol.12, no.3, November 1997, pp.71-104. [IPR] See the "IETF Page of Intellectual Property Rights Notices", http://www.ietf.cnri.reston.va.us/ipr.html [RFC2144] C. Adams, "The CAST-128 Encryption Algorithm", Internet Request for Comments RFC 2144, May 1997. [RFC2119] S. Bradner, "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", Internet Request for Comments RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC2630] R. Housley, "Cryptographic Message Syntax", Internet Request for Comments RFC 2630, June 1999. [SMIME2] S. Dusse, P. Hoffman, B. Ramsdell, L. Lundblade, L. Repka, "S/MIME Version 2 Message Specification", Internet Request for Comments RFC 2311, March 1998. S. Dusse, P. Hoffman, B. Ramsdell, J. Weinstein, "S/MIME Version 2 Certificate Handling", Internet Request for Comments RFC 2312, March 1998. [SMIME3] B. Ramsdell, "S/MIME Version 3 Certificate Handling", Internet Request for Comments RFC 2632, June 1999. B. Ramsdell, "S/MIME Version 3 Message Specification", Internet Request for Comments RFC 2633, June 1999. Author's Address Carlisle Adams Entrust Technologies 750 Heron Road, Suite E08, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1V 1A7 E-Mail: cadams@entrust.com Adams Expires October 2000 [Page 5] Internet Draft CAST-128 in CMS April 2000 Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved. This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Adams Expires October 2000 [Page 6]